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Native drum-making is an art that is passed down not through textbooks. It is done through generations. The traditional rawhide hand drums have played an integral role in Native American dances and ceremonies. What is commendable and adds to its longevity is the “tradition of handmaking". It is due to this that these iconic pieces live on and are relevant. Stay tuned, as we shall explore the process of making these hand drums and what the essential native drum-making materials are. 

 

Different types of materials are used for making rawhide hand drums

Here is a list of core materials used for traditional rawhide hand drum making

1. Crucial materials 

A. Drum or shell/hoops—the wooden hoop forms the structural frame of the drum. 

• These are wooden frames. 
• Usually made of cedar, pine, birch, or cottonwood. 
• Diameter often ranges from 13 to 15 inches.

B. Drumhead—the rawhide lacing secures the drumhead, connecting it to the frame. 

• These are used for making rawhide. 
• Made from deer, elk, buffalo, horse, or cowhide 

C. Lacing—this is a rawhide strap or leather lacing. It secures the drumhead to the frame.  These includes 

• 16-20 feet of rawhide strap.
• Leather lacing to secure the drum head to the frame. 

D. Drumstick or beater—the padded beater that is used to strike the drum can create rhythm. These include 

• Wooden dowel or stick. 
• These dowels or sticks are padded with cotton flannel. 
• They are wrapped with buckskin or leather. 
• Tied with a cord

 

2. Native drum-making supplies and tools required 

1. Basic tools required
2. Large bucket or tub—used for soaking rawhide until pliable
3. Scissors or a sharp knife for cutting and stripping rawhide. 
4. Leather hole punch and hammer—this is done for creating lacing holes. 
5. Heating guns or hair dryers for drying the drum assembly. 

 

How to make a rawhide hand drum: process explained

Here is how we have explained the process of making these drums.

1. Preparing the frame of the drum 

The process begins with selecting the materials and native drum-making supplies. Here is what you need to do

• Choose a hoop made of natural drum skins. Select cedar, pine, birch, and cottonwood.
• The hoop should be sturdy, smooth, and typically 13-15 inches in diameter. 
• Shaping the hoop. Here, if you are willing to make your drum from scratch, then you need some tuning. 
• Blend the strip of wood in a circle; follow it up by securing the ends. 
• You can also use pre-made drum frame materials
• The final steps include sanding and finishing, using it to make the surface smooth. 
• Finish the process by applying a light and natural oil to finish and protect the wood. 

2. Preparing the rawhide 

This stage revolves around harnessing the native drum-making supplies. Here is what you need to do

• Choose your drum frame materials—like deer, elk, buffalo, horsehide, and cowhide. 
• Each procedure has slightly different tonal qualities. 
• Soaking is essential for all natural drum construction materials.
• Place the rawhide in a tub of warm water for several hours 
• Cut two circular pieces of rawhide larger than the diameter of the wooden drum hoops. 
• One serves as a head, while the other serves as the back. 
• Use a leather punch or an awl to create evenly spaced holes. 
• These holes will hold the lacing. 

3. Prepare the lacing

Once your structure and materials are ready, it's now time for traditional drum lacing. Here is what you need to do. 

• Cut the straps. Separate it from the raw hide and cut long strips somewhere around 16-20 feet total. 
• These will be used to lace the drumhead to the hoop 
• Just like the drum head, soak the lacing until flexible. 
• Check the lacing. Ensure the lacing is tight and free of cracks. 
• Always ensure that you soak the lacing until it is flexible. Traditional drum lacing is a critical task; this is your foundation, as it frames and maintains the tension. So do not skip this step. 

4. Assemble your rawhide hand drum

While you have taken all the crucial steps, it is now time for you to assemble the drum. Here are the actionable steps. 

• Positioning the drum.
• Thread the lacing 
• Pass the laces through these holes and then opt for cross lacing.
• Continue with the threading process across the back of the drum. This creates even tension and decorative design. 
• The final step is lacing the loop firmly. 
• Since these are made of natural drum skins, they will shrink over time. 
• Once the process is done, check for further tightening. 
• Pro tip: be patient with the process; if your lace is uneven, then this can cause poor sound quality. 

5. Drying and Tuning

• Initial Drying: Allow the drum to dry slowly at room temperature. Avoid direct sunlight or high heat, which can crack the rawhide.
• Final Tightening: As the drum dries, check the lacing and adjust if necessary.
• Sound Check: Once fully dry, tap the drumhead. A clear, resonant tone indicates proper tension.
• Pro tip: Drying can take several days. The drum’s voice emerges only after the rawhide has hardened.

6. Making the Drumstick (Beater)

• Selecting a Stick: Choose a wooden dowel or branch about 12–14 inches long.
• Padding the Head: Wrap one end with cotton flannel or cloth to create a soft striking surface.
• Covering: Encase the padding in buckskin or leather, then tie securely with cord or lacing.
• Finishing: Smooth the handle for a comfortable grip.
• The beater ensures the drum produces a deep, resonant sound without damaging the rawhide.

7. Decoration (Optional)

• Painting: Some makers paint the hoop or drum head with natural pigments.
• Beads and Feathers: Decorative elements can be added to the lacing or beater.
• Symbolism: Designs often carry cultural meaning, though decoration is optional.
• Decoration personalizes the drum but does not affect its sound.

8. Usage and Care

• Ceremonial Use: Hand drums are often used in powwows, ceremonies, and drum circles.
• Storage: Keep the drum in a dry place. Excess humidity can loosen the rawhide.
• Maintenance: If the drum head loosens, gentle warming (near a fire or heater) can tighten it temporarily.
• Proper care ensures the drum lasts for years.

Final thoughts

A rawhide hand drum is an integral part of Native American folklore. It is a chief ancestral tradition that has been passed down from generation to generation. If you are looking forward to getting hold of these culturally rich and traditional drums, Tachini Drums is your answer. We have a full-fledged and well-elaborated collection of drums; visit our website and choose one for yourself. So what are you waiting for? Grab yours now. 

 

FAQ’s 

1. Why are Native American drums considered sacred?  

They are regarded as living entities, symbolizing the heartbeat of Mother Earth and serving as a spiritual guardian in ceremonies.

2. What types of Native American drums exist?  

Hand drums (personal use), powwow drums (large communal), water drums (unique resonance), and foot drums (specialized ceremonial).

3. What hides are traditionally used?  

Deer, elk, moose, or goat hides are common. Each produces a slightly different tone and resonance.

4. How are drums used in ceremonies?  

They accompany songs, prayers, and dances, often for healing, storytelling, or connecting with the spirit world.

5. How to Make a Rawhide Hand Drum?

A wooden hoop frame, a rawhide round (deer, elk, or goat), rawhide lacing, scissors or a knife, an awl or punch, and a container for soaking the hide.